Understanding Scoliosis: Causes, Types, Treatments & Consequences

By Global Health Orthopedics Insights

Scoliosis is a condition that causes the spine to curve sideways in an “S” or “C” shape. While it often develops during childhood or adolescence, scoliosis can also appear in adulthood due to injury, degeneration, or disease. Early detection and appropriate treatment are key to preventing long-term complications.

🌀 What Is Scoliosis?

In a healthy spine, the vertebrae are aligned in a straight vertical line. In scoliosis, however, the spine curves abnormally to the side, affecting posture and potentially compressing internal organs and nerves.

🔍 Types of Scoliosis

The image above shows the main types of scoliosis:

• Thoracic Scoliosis: Affects the upper (thoracic) part of the spine.

• Lumbar Scoliosis: Affects the lower back (lumbar region).

• Thoraco-Lumbar Scoliosis: Involves both the thoracic and lumbar regions.

• Combined Scoliosis: Includes multiple curves, usually forming an "S" shape.

• Healthy Spine: For comparison, a normal spine is shown with no lateral curvature.

⚠️ What Causes Scoliosis?

There are several possible causes:

• Idiopathic (most common): No clear cause; often appears in teenagers.

• Congenital: Caused by malformation of the spine before birth.

• Neuromuscular: Linked to conditions like cerebral palsy or muscular dystrophy.

• Degenerative: Related to ageing and wear-and-tear on spinal discs.

• Injury or surgery: Can result in structural changes to the spine.

💬 Symptoms May Include:

• Uneven shoulders or hips

• One shoulder blade more prominent

• Visible curve in the spine

• Back pain or fatigue

• In severe cases: breathing difficulties