Understanding the Difference Between Arthrosis, Arthritis, and Osteoporosis: Symptoms and Treatments

By Global Health Reumathology Insights

Musculoskeletal conditions are increasingly common and can significantly affect quality of life, especially as we age. Among the most frequently confused terms are arthrosis, arthritis, and osteoporosis. Although they all impact bones and joints, they are distinct conditions with different causes, symptoms, and treatments. At Global Health, we believe that informed patients make better choices. So here’s a clear breakdown to help you understand each one.

1. Arthrosis (Osteoarthritis)

What is it?

Arthrosis, also known as osteoarthritis, is a degenerative joint disease that results from the gradual wear and tear of cartilage — the flexible tissue that cushions your joints. It's most common in older adults but can also occur in younger people due to joint overuse or previous injuries.

Symptoms:

• Joint pain during or after movement

• Stiffness, especially after periods of inactivity

• Reduced flexibility and range of motion

• Bone spurs (bony growths near joints)

• Mild swelling

  
  

Most affected areas: knees, hips, hands, and spine.

Treatment options:

• Lifestyle changes: weight management, physical activity, physiotherapy

• Pain relief: paracetamol, NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs)

• Injections: corticosteroids or hyaluronic acid

• Surgery: in severe cases, joint replacement may be needed

2. Arthritis

What is it?

Arthritis is a general term for inflammation of the joints. There are over 100 types, but the most common are rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis (autoimmune conditions), and gout (a metabolic disorder). Unlike arthrosis, arthritis is not caused by wear and tear but by inflammation often due to an immune system malfunction.

Symptoms:

• Swollen, red, and tender joints

• Pain that is often worse in the morning or after rest

• Fatigue and fever (especially in autoimmune types)

• Symmetrical joint involvement (e.g., both hands or knees)

  
  

Treatment options:

• Anti-inflammatory medications: NSAIDs, corticosteroids

• Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs): especially for autoimmune arthritis

• Biologic therapies: for moderate to severe cases

• Physiotherapy: to maintain mobility and strength

• Diet and lifestyle adjustments: especially for gout

3. Osteoporosis

What is it?

Osteoporosis is a bone disease, not a joint disease. It leads to a decrease in bone density and strength, making bones fragile and more prone to fractures. It often progresses silently until a fracture occurs.

Symptoms:

• Often no symptoms until a bone breaks

• Loss of height over time

• Back pain caused by fractured vertebrae

• Stooped posture

  
  

Most common fractures: hip, spine, and wrist.

Risk factors: aging, menopause, poor calcium/vitamin D intake, smoking, sedentary lifestyle, family history.

Treatment options:

• Calcium and Vitamin D supplements

• Bisphosphonates: medications that slow bone loss

• Hormone replacement therapy (for postmenopausal women)

• Physical activity: especially weight-bearing exercises

• Fall prevention strategies at home

Conclusion

Although arthrosis, arthritis, and osteoporosis may share some similarities, they are fundamentally different conditions. Proper diagnosis is essential, as each requires a specific treatment approach. If you’re experiencing joint pain, stiffness, or other symptoms mentioned above, don’t wait — early intervention can make a significant difference.

At Global Health, our team of specialists offers personalized consultations to help diagnose, manage, and treat musculoskeletal conditions effectively. Book your appointment today and take the first step toward better joint and bone health.